[C]urrently espoused, ecosystem management is a magical theory (see Ludwig 1993) that promises the impossible — that we can have our cake and eat it too. Worse, however, it addresses only the symptoms of the problem and not the problem itself. The problem is not how to maintain current levels of resource output while also maintaining ecosystem integrity; the problem is how to control population growth and constrain resource consumption. And the solution to the problem is not anthropocentric-based ecosystem management, it is rejection of the doctrine of final causes. Humanity must begin to view itself as part of nature rather than the master of nature. It must reject the belief that nature is ours to use and control. Once this is accomplished, we can accept that the land has limits, and that to live within those limits we must halt population growth and reduce consumption. I believe this rejection of the doctrine of final causes is at the very heart of the biocentric view of ecosystem management (see Noss & Cooperrider 1994). Unfortunately, the “seismic shift” in the mindset of humans (Grumbine 1994) required by this
view of ecosystem management may never occur and, if it does, it will be a slow process that may come too late.
Stanley, T.R., 1995. Ecosystem Management and the Arrogance of Humanism. Conservation Biology, 9(2), pp.255–262.